ADHD

There are three main subtypes of ADHD:

1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Individuals with this subtype primarily struggle with inattention symptoms and may have difficulty sustaining attention, organizing tasks, following instructions, and completing tasks or activities.

2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Individuals with this subtype primarily exhibit hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. They may appear restless, fidgety, and excessively talkative. They may also have difficulty waiting their turn, interrupting others, and acting impulsively without considering the consequences.

3. Combined Presentation: Individuals with the combined presentation of ADHD experience symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Here are some common symptoms associated with each subtype of ADHD:

Inattention Symptoms:

• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or activities, such as schoolwork or play.

• Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli or unrelated thoughts.

• Forgetfulness, such as losing items, forgetting appointments, or neglecting to complete tasks.

• Difficulty organizing tasks and activities, leading to messy workspaces or missed deadlines.

• Avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental effort, such as homework or paperwork.

• Difficulty following instructions or completing tasks, especially those that are repetitive or mundane.

• Frequently making careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.

Hyperactivity Symptoms:

• Fidgeting, squirming, or tapping hands or feet when seated.

• Inability to remain seated in situations where it is expected (e.g., at school, in meetings).

• Excessive running or climbing in inappropriate situations (in adolescents and adults, this may manifest as a feeling of restlessness).

• Difficulty engaging in activities quietly.

• Talks excessively or blurts out answers before questions have been completed.

• Difficulty waiting for one's turn, interrupting or intruding on others' conversations or activities.

Impulsivity Symptoms:

• Acting without thinking, leading to accidents, injuries, or impulsive decisions.

• Difficulty waiting one's turn, frequently interrupting others or impulsively speaking out of turn.

• Impulsive spending, gambling, or risky behaviors without consideration of consequences.

• Difficulty controlling emotional reactions, leading to mood swings, temper outbursts, or tantrums.

• Difficulty delaying gratification, seeking immediate rewards or stimulation.

• Impulsively changing plans or activities, even when it may be disruptive or inconvenient.

It's important to note that ADHD symptoms can vary widely among individuals and may change over time. Additionally, ADHD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, depression, or learning disabilities. Diagnosis and treatment of ADHD typically involve comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional, including assessment of symptoms, medical history, and functional impairment. Treatment may include medication, behavioral therapy, education, and support services to help individuals manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.